Present Perfect

O presente perfeito é marcado pela forma:

Sujeito + have/has + verbo principal no particípio + complemento.
Susan has been to England. (Susan esteve na Inglaterra).

O presente perfeito pode ser usado para indicar:

1- Ações que começaram no passado e continuam até o presente.

She has worked at the hospital since April. (Ela trabalha/ tem trabalhado no hospital desde abril).
I have exercised at the gym lately. (Eu tenho me exercitado na academia ultimamente).
They have organized their wedding. (Eles têm organizado o casamento deles).

2- Ações que ocorreram em um tempo não determinado (indefinido) no passado.

I have been to the U.S.A. (Eu estive nos E.U.A.)
She has traveled to England. (Ela viajou para a Inglaterra).
You have made a delicious apple pie. (Você fez uma torta de maçã deliciosa).

3- Ações que acabaram de acontecer.

They have just left. (Eles acabaram de sair).
Jane has just made the lunch. (Jane acabou de preparar o almoço).
I have just done the dishes. (Acabei de lavar a louça).

Para as frases negativas, basta acrescentar o “not” após “have/has”. E nas frases interrogativas, basta colocar o “have/has” no início da frase.

Afirmativa	Negativa	Interrogativa
I have called	I have not called	Have I called?
You have called	You have not called	Have you called?
He has called	He has not called	Has he called?
She has called	She has not called	Has she   called?
It has called	It has not called	Has it  called?
We have called	We have not called	Have we called?
You have called	You have not called	Have you called?
Thay have called	They have not called	Have they called?

Ex.: She hasn’t organized the house. (Ela não organizou a casa).
They haven’t painted their house yet. (Eles ainda não pintaram a casa deles).

Has she called Susan? (Ela ligou para a Susan?).
Has he watched a lot of movies? (Ele assistiu a muitos filmes?)